A Brief Note On Indian Poetry After Islam Essay - 1435 Words

Vernard Whitfield II World Lit Reflection #3 12/6/2016 Indian Poetry after Islam: The Indian Poetry came off very different compared to the poetry that I am used to. There was a guy named Kabir who was born in a place called Uttar Pradesh in India. The exact year and circumstances of his birth still remain unknown. There are sources that say Kabir was born before the beginning of the fifteenth century. The year of his death was also said to be between 1448 and 1518. There are legends surrounding his birth and life that describe him as a son who was abandoned of a widowed Brahmin woman who was the son of a miraculous virgin birth to a young Muslim girl. He was raised by Muslim foster parents in a poor family household. Although he neglected traditional Hindu rituals and the strict Muslim practices, the influence of grassroots religious doctrine from each tradition was evident in his teachings. Calling himself â€Å"the son of Allah and Rama,† he incurred the wrath of religious leaders who had no interest in the blurring of polit ical or theological boundaries between the two traditions. Petrarch: Petrarch was born on July 20, 1304, in Arezzo, Tuscany. He was a classical scholar who was considered the Father of Humanism. There was a philosophy that helped spark the Renaissance. Petrarch s writing included well known odes to Laura. Laura was known as his lover. Petrarch was writing and was also used to shape the modern Italian language. He passed away at age of 69 in 1374.Show MoreRelatedRise and Decline of the Muslim Ummah9373 Words   |  38 Pagesand grandeur of the Muslim Ummah should be realised by young Muslims. They should know that there was a time when the armies of the Arabs starting from Gibraltar had reached north-east into the heart of France. At another time the Turkish armies, after trampling all of Eastern Europe, were knocking at the gates of Vienna. Perhaps in this way we can recreate in the hearts of our young men a desire to revive the past majesty and glory of the Muslim civilisation. It should also become clear from thisRead MoreHistory of Paki stan18783 Words   |  76 PagesMy History Notes Harris Masood Don’t Dare Touch! O Levelz O2 LECTURE 1- IDEOLOGY OF PAKISTAN. LECTURE 2- IDEOLOGY OF PAKISTAN IN THE LIGHT OF STATEMENTS OF QUAID-I-AZAM AND ALLAMA IQBAL LECTURE 3- THE ALIGARH MOVEMENT LECTURE 4- SIR SYED AHMAD KHAN AND HIS CONTRIBUTIONS . LECTURE 5- MAJOR POLITICAL DEVELOPMENTS 1857-1918 LECTURE 6- THE KHILAFAT MOVEMENT LECTURE 7- MUSLIM POLITICS IN BRITISH INDIA: 1924-1935 LECTURE 8- ALLAMA IQBAL’S PRESIDENTIALRead MoreMughal Painting5148 Words   |  21 Pagesevents and scenes from court life, wild life and hunting scenes, and illustrations of battles. Development Mughal painting developed and flourished during the reigns of Akbar, Jahangir and Shah Jahan.Mughal painting reflects an exclusive combination of Indian, Persian and Islamic styles. As the name suggests, these paintings evolved as well as developed during the rule of Mughal Emperors in India, between 16th to 19th century. The Mughal paintings of India revolved around themes, like battles, court scenesRead MoreThe American Culture : Key Values10736 Words   |  43 Pagescommunication style Greetings and Goodbyes For most Americans a smile and verbal greeting are appropriate. In a business context, however, a firm handshake is used. Weak handshakes can be perceived as a sign of weakness. It is likely the handshake will be brief. Men usually wait for women to offer their hand before shaking. Also, direct eye contact is also appreciated. Americans tend to dislike over-formalised greetings and can feel uncomfortable with too much protocol at first meetings. This relatively ‘casual’Read MoreEnergy Healing Essay examples10168 Words   |  41 PagesFor thousands of years, religions the world over have extolled the benefits of meditation and quiet contemplation. In Islam and Catholicism, Judaism and Buddhism, Hinduism and Taoism, and in religious practice from the Americas to Africa to Asia, the value of sitting quietly, using various techniques to cultivate stillness or focused attention of the mind, has been well recognized. The goals of religious meditation extend far beyond its potential physical health benefits and also extend beyond theRead MoreRastafarian79520 Words   |  319 Pagestheir sons would start sprouting them. I heard the term â€Å"black heart man† used again and again as a means of expressing fear or ridicule of the Rastafarian. And this was in the early 1970s—after Bob Marleys emergence as an international viii FOREWORD star, after Selassies arrival in Jamaica, and after so much had been written about the importance of Rastafarianism. The problem was that Rasta was counter to the strong Christian structure that dominated and continues to dominate JamaicanRead MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 Pagesof globalization from the mid-1990s) and afterward (9/11, or the global recession of 2008) when one could quite plausibly argue that a new era had begun. A compelling case can be made for viewing the decades of the global scramble for colonies after 1870 as a predictable culmination of the long nineteenth century, which was ushered in by the industrial and political revolutions of the late 1700s. But at the same time, without serious attention to the processes and misguided policies that ledRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 Pagesed. p. cm. Includes indexes. ISBN-13: 978-0-13-283487-2 ISBN-10: 0-13-283487-1 1. Organizational behavior. I. Judge, Tim. II. Title. HD58.7.R62 2012 658.3—dc23 2011038674 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 ISBN 10: 0-13-283487-1 ISBN 13: 978-0-13-283487-2 Brief Contents Preface xxii 1 2 Introduction 1 What Is Organizational Behavior? 3 The Individual 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Diversity in Organizations 39 Attitudes and Job Satisfaction 69 Emotions and Moods 97 Personality and Values 131 Perception and

The Western Front And Storm Of Steel - 1319 Words

All Quite on the Western Front and Storm of Steel are two of many influential pieces of literature that reflect World War one from a German point of view. It is important to note that All Quite on the Western Front is a work of fiction that is based on the events of the war, Were as Storm of Steel is memoir that is based on the events of Ernst Junger on the western front. Junger is criticized that he takes a positive stance on the war, were as Erich Remarque’s novel tries to show the reality behind the war. The two authors believed the Great war had effects on those who fought in it through the influence of their perception of the war and how new technology had changed the way it is understood. The psychological implications on the soldiers were a direct link between survival, technology and their rural life style. This phenomenon can be seen in both Remarque and Jungar’s works. The memoir describes Junger experiences without restraint which results in a graphic book. H owever, he constantly attempts to convey a position of noble courage in himself and his fellow soldiers, even when Junger experiences situations of true horror. An Example of this can be seen when he is marching into the Battle of the Somme, he seems more concerned with a clear description of the events rather than reacting to it. In certain situations it almost seems that he was relying only on his extinct rather than clearly processing what was happening. This was due to the constant exposure of enemyShow MoreRelatedStorm of Steel vs All Quiet on the Westen Front1023 Words   |  5 Pagesviolent and traumatic time for soldiers on the fronts of the war, but even though it was a dramatic time for these men the memoirs from the war was varied on the western front within the German ranks. Two well known books written by the German men were Storm of Steel, written by Ernest Junger, and All Quiet on the Western Front, written by Erich Maria Remarsque which were written on the same fron tier, yet were different on many basic levels. In Storm of Steel, Junger explains the war through his own personalRead MoreStorm Of Steel : A Western Heritage Review1346 Words   |  6 PagesMiranda Beals Professor Wilson History 106-27 May 6th, 2016 Storm of Steel: A Western Heritage Review In the famous war memoir, Storm of Steel, an extraordinary story is told through the eyes of an ordinary German World War I soldier. Written by German author Ernst Junger, the novel is based on Junger’s sixteen personal journals he kept during his time as as a young World War I soldier. After being edited and revised numerous times, Storm of Steel was published in 1961. Junger’s story begins with hisRead MoreStorm of Steel Paper1286 Words   |  6 PagesQuestion #1: Should Junger s Account Be Considered A Pro or Anti War Book? October 11, 2013 This essay will try to answer the question: should Ernst Junger’s book â€Å"Storm of Steel† narrative describing his personal experiences during his service in German Army on Western Front of WW1 be consider anti or pro war? In order to answer this question it is first important to determine the fraises â€Å"pro-war† and â€Å"anti-war†. The term â€Å"pro-war† describes an attitude in which warRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book The War I And Cold On The Western Front 2352 Words   |  10 Pagesmediums. One way is the novel by Maria Remarque All Quiet on the Western Front. In his novel Remarque’s describes the war as a horrifying experience, one in which soldier’s live in horrible conditions and are prone to fits of hysteria. A place where there is little glory to be had, and men do not understand what they are fighting for. These opinions contradict the description of the war presented by Ernst Jà ¼nger’s memoir Storm of Steel. The events that both Remarque’s characters encounter and Jà ¼nger’sRead MoreAll Quiet On The Western Front2051 Words   |  9 Pagesnovel, All Quiet on the Western Front and Ernst Junger’s memoir, Storm of Steel, present the differences of the experience of The First World War with intriguing contrasts that spark debates between the two accounts. These texts illustrate real events within The First World War. Both authors, who are veterans of the war tell the reader their conclusions in post-war experiences and opinions. It is essentially two faces of the same coin. One, â€Å"All Quiet on the Western Front†, reflects the inner dialogueRead MoreEssay about Storm of Steel1495 Words   |  6 PagesIts a fact, when talking on the subject of war, we presume that if the generals and country leaders didnt start them, they would by no means occur. In a book like Storm of Steel by Ernst Junger, though, there seems to be one more requirement, ready and enthusiastic soldiers. Junger would have probably preferred themselves warriors or barbarians. Its within this book that Ernst Junger tells the story of a man who describes and most likely believed that the battlefront of World War I was not aRe ad MoreViews On Humanity. As The Human Race Evolves, Some Evolutions1661 Words   |  7 PagesHobson, Imperialism, in Mark Kishlansky, ed., Sources of the West: Readings in Western Civilization: Volume 2 (Pearson, 2012), 219.] [3: John P. McKay, et al, Western Society: A Brief History: Volume II, (Boston New York: Bedford/St. Martin’s, 2010), 681.] [4: McKay et al, 676.] [5: McKay et al, 688.] [6: Rudyard Kipling, The White Man’s Burden, in Mark Kishlansky, ed., Sources of the West: Readings in Western Civilization: Volume 2 (Pearson, 2012), 234.] [7: Kishlansky, 233.] [8: McKayRead MoreWorld War One Of The Great World1719 Words   |  7 Pagesthey would not know any locations or military planes) just the fact that their solider held this very same piece of paper, and wanted to tell then that things were well, was enough. From British Officers in the trenches, German soldier on the Western Front, Turkish prisoner of war, Russian nurse to a solider in the British Indian Army, these letters are all we have left to tell us what truly happened out there. There are victories told by the solider, to tell their love one that what they are doingRead MoreWorld War One Of The Great World1712 Words   |  7 Pagesletter they would not know any locations or military planes) just the fact that their solider held this very same piece of paper, and wanted to tell then that things were well, was enough. From British officer in the trenches, German soldier on the Western Front, Turkish prisoner of war, Russian nurse to a solider in the British Indian Army, these letters are all we have left to tell us what truly happened out there. There are good, victories told by the solider, to tell their love one that what they areRead More total war Essay2000 Words   |  8 Pageswent beyond the immediate cost of casualties.2 The psychological, social, economic and technological effect these wars had on those who survived earned this type of conflict a new n ame: total war, which encompassed all aspects of life. Before 1914, Western society believed in progress, peace, prosperity, reason, and the rights of the individual. During that time, people believed in the Enlightenment, and industrial developments and scientific breakthroughs were a daily reality apparent in the rising

Competency Based Recruitment and Selection Free Essays

Title: – Competency Based Recruitment and Selection Theme: – Recent advances in commerce and management Introduction: Competency for any job can be defined as a set of human attributes that enables an employee to meet the expectations of his internal and external customers and stake holders. We have generally observed that only hard work, knowledge, sincerity towards work, and intelligence does not alone makes a person star performer in his/her profession. There are many other factors that actually help an individual practically in achieving success in performing job. We will write a custom essay sample on Competency Based Recruitment and Selection or any similar topic only for you Order Now For example we have observed that during our school or college days a star student who scores maximum marks in exam may or may not be a good leader. Similarly to this a good batsman may or may not be a good bowler in the game of cricket. The only reason behind this to be a leader requires different set of competencies and to be a good bowler requires a different set of competencies than for a good batsman. That’s why human qualities and attributes which makes a person suitable for his/her job defines competency for that particular job. A competent manager is always aware about different competencies that a person requires to perform the job effectively and efficiently. And on the basis of their knowledge about this they select and train their subordinates for that job. There are many factors such are Social culture, work environment, nature of business, Organizational structure, responsibilities, nature of process and assigned activities, attitude and motives of management affects competency require for particular job. Competency based recruitment and selection focuses on identifying those candidates that can evidence those behaviourally defined characteristics which underpin desired performance in the role you are seeking. Competency based Human Resource Management: A general objective behind hiring a candidate to perform a particular job is to get that job done effectively and efficiently. In short all organizations strive to achieve excellence in whatever business they are. To achieve this goal it is very essential that the entire jobs are performed efficiently and effectively by all the employees. To achieve excellence in performing any job by an employee it is important that an employee should be competent to perform that job. Competency based Human Resource Management helps any organization in achieving in objective. Competency based human resource management is promising as best approach in developing and preserving competent human resources. Competency based approaches to human resource management have been developed since psychologist David McClelland’s research on competency concept. He is credited with launching the competency movement through the publication of his paper titled â€Å"Testing for competencies rather than intelligence†, in which he suggested that academic aptitude and knowledge content tests alone cannot predict a high level of performance, but personal qualities, motives, experience and behavioural characteristics can distinguish most successful from less successful individuals Meaning of Competencies: The Treasury Board of Canada has defined â€Å"competencies† as the knowledge, skills, abilities and behaviours that an employee applies in performing his/her work and that are the key employee-related levers for achieving results that are relevant to the organization/s business strategies. Competency may be defined as: â€Å"The behaviourally defined characteristics which strengthen effective and superior performance†. It’s all about how the person should behave in order to achieve the objectives. According to Schroder competencies are personal effective skills which vary from more basic specialized functional skills to the generic, person based higher level competencies. Competencies allow focus process-â€Å"How things are done? † not simply on outcomes. Classification of competencies: †¢ Core Competencies The Core competencies include those key competencies that all employees in the organization must possess to achieve its mandate and vision. These competencies describe in behavioural terms the key values of the organization and represent those competencies that are core to the organization’s principal mandate. Career Stream Competencies The Career Stream competencies are those behavioural competencies that are common to the all jobs in the stream, and combined with the organization-wide (core) competencies, make up the suite of behavioural competencies necessary for success in the Stream. †¢ Technical / Professional Competencies The technical/profes sional competencies tend to be specific to occupational areas, roles and / or jobs within the Career Stream, and include the specific skills and knowledge (know-how) to perform effectively within the jobs of the Stream (e. . ability to use particular software; knowledge in particular professional areas such as finance, biochemistry; etc. ). These competencies could be generic to the Career Stream as whole, or be specific to roles, levels or jobs within the group. These are the competencies some one must demonstrate to be effective in his job/role, task or duty. Thus these competencies are job or role specific and vary from job to job. A competency model can be used to develop specific job related competencies and come out with a competency dictionary. These competencies are organization specific as roles and responsibilities may vary from organization to organization even though the job title may be the same. Generally HR department of organizations is focused on developing professional competencies and evaluating the same during recruitment and selection process. This classification of different types competencies in not all inclusive it’s an open field of research. In addition to this, competencies can be classified as Personal competencies also. Personal competency includes the various behavioral competencies apart from the knowledge and skill level of an individual. It includes personal attributes like level of motivation, adaptability, developing oneself etc. It also includes interpersonal skills like relationship building, communication ability, openness towards change, cultural awareness etc. In addition to this we can define people management competencies like Leadership, Directing, team building capacity, capacity to work with a team, counseling people, providing motivation, knowledge transformation. A Competency model: A â€Å"competency profile† or â€Å"competency model† is defined as a set of competencies and includes associated behaviours that link directly to the work to be performance, and the levels of proficiency for each behaviour. Competency profiles can cover a group of positions / jobs within an organization. I have developed following process to develop a competency model that can be used for the purpose of delivering competency based recruitment and selection in a desired way. A Competency model is the basic tool or competency based recruitment and selection. A Competency model tries to explain what and all competencies are required to perform different jobs in an organization. A competency model also tries to prioritize the competencies for different jobs. It describes these competencies in the form of indicators, which can be quantified. Each competency can be quantified on a scale on the basis of its relative importance with respect to each job. This serves as a reference for all competency management activities in the organization. Competency model is organization specific as each organization may have its own way of defining and quantifying competencies and competencies may be unique for each organization. Procedure to develop standard competencies: 1. First step is to identify the competencies to perform different jobs. Main source to identify these competencies are job description and job specification. On the basis of that a specific competencies can be identified because these throws light on duties, responsibilities, tasks involved in the job. This will work out as basic list of competencies required within an organization. . Now the next step is to find out critical competencies for all jobs, prioritizing them and to give more significance. These core competencies can be find out through discussion with immediate supervisors for the job position. They are more aware of the different competencies required for performing job efficiently. It also includes brainstorming sessions with managers. 3. After finis hing first two steps, the next is to develop the overall list of kinds of competencies required to perform a job. This includes both primary and secondary set of competencies. This can be further categorized job wise competencies also. With this step now we have a whole dictionary of competencies required. 4. Once the dictionary of competency is ready, now the next step is to prioritize and rate or provide weightage to different competency on the basis of its importance for the particular job. This will help us in quantifying competencies. 5. A model for developing standard competencies is now prepared. This can be used as a tool in competency based recruitment and selection by developing different tests to measure such competencies. Competencies are not static for any job. It is a very dynamic in nature. As the time changes and environment becomes more complicated, competencies required to perform a job also changes. Competency based recruitment and selection: Recruitment can be defined as â€Å"The process of surveying all sources of personnel, inside and outside the organization, to locate and attract the best possible candidates for new or vacated positions†. One of the most important problems in any organization is developing an effective recruitment and selection process which can choose right candidate for a right job. Many organizations have already experienced the cost of selecting a candidate who is not competent for performing job although he is qualified and knowledgeable person. Competency based approach for recruitment and selection calls for more meaningful competency based job descriptions, more appropriate job advertisements, better screening process, Specific competency based written tests like psychometric tests, Specific behaviorally based interviews popularly known as behavioral event interviews, tailored reference checks based on desired competencies of specific role. With the help of competency based recruitment and selection process it is possible to improve efficiency of the job getting done in the right way, which leads to achievement of desired results. Following diagram explains the process of recruitment and selection based on competency. [pic] Identifying Recruitment Strategy Team: Form a workgroup whose primary objective will be to develop a gap-closing recruitment plan for the company. The team should include: †¢ Key Human Resources personnel. †¢ Staff who have knowledge and responsibility for day-to-day operations. Other work units as appropriate given your agency’s size and organizational structure. Bringing together a Recruitment Strategy Team from different parts of the company offers a number of advantages: †¢ Team members may have a variety of networking contacts. †¢ Team members may bring new perspectives that result in creative ideas that surface through brainstorming. †¢ Teams members may become m ore invested in the recruitment process and support/encourage involvement of their respective organizational units. Preparation of competency dictionary: Dictionary for competency can be developed with the help of competency model discussed earlier. Defining competency based job profiles: Jobs can be better described in terms of the competencies needed for performing the various activities demanded by the job. The competency based approach defines jobs in terms competencies and this more flexible as rigid descriptions used in traditional job descriptions resulted in employees performing strictly defined tasks. Recruitment and selection methods will have to be based on competency based job profiles. Role analysis can be a better means of developing competency based job profiles. Role descriptions are more effective in identifying job related competencies and thus developing competency profiles. The competency based qualification standards can be based on whole person competency based approach, and characterized by more assessment options and easy to quantify and hence evaluate. . Recruitment Advertisement: A good advertisement is one which can convey the candidates the exact needs of the organization in terms of the basic job related competencies which are necessary for performing the job competently. The exact competencies for each job are available in the competency dictionary and this can be used for advertising purpose to tell possible candidates what knowledge, skills, and attributes they must possess to be able to apply for the job. Competency Tests: Psychometric tests are psychological tests which can provide useful information about a wide range of competencies of an individual like abilities, aptitudes, values and skills, and can function as a scientific aid in selection. These tests are based on person-job fit concept. Psychometric tests are used for several applications like selection, promotion, transfer, placement, and potential appraisal. Different types of psychometric tests can be used are: Personality tests, Occupational interest, Ability test, Value system test, etc. Competency Interviews: A Competency Based Interview is a structured series of questions aimed at eliciting evidence of a candidate’s behavioural fit against specific job-related competencies. In competency based interviews, behavioral focused interviews are used. In behavioral focused interview, the underlying philosophy is that the past behavior is the best predictor of future performance. These types of interviews are generally characterized by questions that relate to specific behaviours which have been found to be linked to successful/superior performance on the job. Candidates are not asked to describe how they would respond in a particular situation or event – that is, they are not asked for hypothetical thinking and responses. But they are asked to describe what they have done, what behaviours they have used, in a certain situation or event which has occurred in the past. Interviewers halting the candidate’s response to a question once they have heard sufficient evidence of the candidate’s competency. A Competency Based interview process will allow for evidence based information which can then be verified with a candidate’s referees. Competency Reference checks: Competency based reference checks the competencies that a candidate has actually exhibited in the past. The information can be obtained from the previous employers or the educational institutions from where the candidates have passed out. Reference checks can be designed in the form of a questionnaire which can be used to obtain information about the candidate’s previous performance levels or capacity to exhibit competencies when needed. Selection of the candidate Training and Development Plans: On the basis of the reference checks and other competency testing we can now select the right person for the right job. Once the candidate is selected further plans for training can be prepared on the basis of the competencies required for meeting future changes in doing the job. Conclusion: From our discussion it is clear that competency based recruitment and selection can be more effective in selecting right candidate for the right job to enhance organizational efficiency. Thus organization’s need to develop a competency model which can be used as standard yard stick for implementing competency based recruitment and selection. This can not only reduce the cost of hiring the people but also enhance productivity significantly by building human resources as per the exact needs of the organization in complex business environment. Author:Nishant C. Mehta Lecturer, Shri H D Gardi MBA College, Jamnagar road, Nyara, Rajkot, Gujarat. Phone: +919227227501 Email: nishantcmehta@hotmail. com ———————– Identify the Recruitment Strategy Team Preparation of competency dictionary Defining competency based job profiles Recruitment Advertisement Selection of the candidate Competency Reference checks Competency Interviews Competency Tests Employee Training and Development Plans How to cite Competency Based Recruitment and Selection, Papers

My Dream Organization free essay sample

When I read about the institution the one person who inspired me was Mr. A. who was the first chairman of this great institution, the history of  work structure of ICICI is as follows: ICICI established in 1955, incorporated at the initiative of the World Bank, the Government of India and representatives of Indian industry, with the objective of creating a development financial institution for providing medium-term and long-term project financing to Indian businesses. It emerges as the major source of foreign currency loans to Indian industry. Besides funding from the World Bank and other multi-lateral agencies, ICICI was also among the first Indian companies to raise funds from international markets. ICICI Group offers a wide range of banking products and financial services to corporate and retail customers through a variety of delivery channels and through its specialized group companies, subsidiaries and affiliates in the areas of personal banking, investment banking, life and general insurance, venture capital and asset management. With a strong customer focus, the ICICI Group Companies have maintained and enhanced their leadership position in their respective sectors. It is the largest private sector life insurance company offering a comprehensive suite of life, health and pensions products. It is also the pioneer in launching innovative health care products like Diabetes Care Active and health Saver. The company operates on a multi-channel platform and has distribution strength of over 2,76,000 financial advisors operating from more than 2000 branches spread across 1800 locations across the country. In addition to the agency force, it also has tie-ups with various banks, corporate agents and brokers. In fiscal 2009, ICICI Prudential attained a market share of 10. 9% based on retail weighted premium and garnered a total premium of Rs 153. 56 billion registering a growth of 13% and held assets of Rs. 327. 88 billion as on March 31, 2009. ICICI Lombard General Insurance Company, a joint venture with the Canada based Fairfax Financial Holdings, is the largest private sector general insurance company. It has a comprehensive product portfolio catering to all corporate and retail insurance needs and is present in over 300 locations across the country. ICICI Lombard General Insurance has achieved a market share of 27. 2% among private sector general insurance companies and an overall market share of 11. 2% during fiscal 2009. The gross return premium grew by 2. 2% from Rs. 33. 45 billion in fiscal 2008 to 34. 20 billion in fiscal 2009. ICICI Securities Ltd  is the largest equity house in the country providing end-to-end solutions (including web-based services) through the largest non-banking distribution channel so as to fulfill all the diverse needs of retail and corporate customers. ICICI Securities (I-Sec) has a dominant position in its core segments of its operations Corporate Finance including Equity Capital Markets Advisory Services, Institutional Equities, Retail and Financial Product Distribution. ICICI Securities Primary Dealership  Limited is the largest Primary Dealer in Government Securities. It is an acknowledged leader in the Indian fixed income and money markets, with a strong franchise across the spectrum of interest rate products and services institutional sales and trading, resource mobilization, portfolio management services and research. One of the first entities to be granted Primary Dealership license by RBI, I-Sec PD has made pioneering contributions since inception to debt market development in India. I-Sec PD is also credited with pioneering debt market research in India. I-Sec PD has been recognized as the Best Domestic Bond House in India by Asia money every year from 2002 to 2007 and selected as Best Bond House by Financeasia. com for the years 2001, 2004 to 2007 and 2009. ICICI Prudential Asset Management  is the third largest mutual fund with average asset under management of Rs. 514. 33 billion and a market share of 10. 43% as on March 31, 2009. The Company manages a comprehensive range of mutual fund schemes and portfolio management services to meet the varying investment needs of its investor’s through162 branches and 185 CAMS official point of transaction acceptance spread across the country. ICICI Venture  is one of the largest and most successful private equity firms in India with funds under management in excess of USD 2 billion. ICICI Venture, over the years has built an enviable portfolio of companies across sectors including Life Sciences, Information Technology, Media, Manufacturing, Retail, Financial Services, and Real Estate thereby building sustainable value. It has several â€Å"firsts† to its credit in the Indian Private Equity industry. Amongst them are India’s first leveraged buyout (Info media), the first real estate investment (Cyber Gateway), the first mezzanine financing for a acquisition (Arch Pharmalabs), the first ‘royalty-based’ structured deal in Pharma Research amp; Development (Dr Reddy’s Laboratories JV) and the first fund level secondary transaction (Collar Capital). ICICI has a great impact in India both monetary and globally. With deep roots in the Indian economy for over five decades, the ICICI Group is Indias fastest growing financial services conglomerate. Its rapid growth, particularly in the last decade, has been accompanied by a long-term commitment to enhancing the economic, social as well as human development outcomes through a variety of initiatives for the weaker sections of society. Its work in the area of development is focused on facilitating wider participation by Indias poorer communities in social and economic processes.

Time and Stress Management for Better Productivity

Introduction Time management is one of the most crucial factors in any field. There are different categories of people when it comes to time and stress management. There are people who thrive in a stressful and a time limited environment, while there are those who do well in a stress-free environment.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Time and Stress Management for Better Productivity specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This difference in people and their level of productivity has made it harder for scholars to determine the best way to manage time and avoid stress. A number of suggestions have been put forward to help in managing time and stress. Managing time and stress is very important for maximum productivity in any given circumstance. This research paper will look into the different ways that people waste time, how people become stressed due to wastage of time, and how this problem can be solved to ensu re maximum productivity. The first part of the body of this research paper will discuss the various ways people waste time. This will be followed by ways one can avoid time wastage and how time wastage affects productivity. How people waste time and ways of avoiding stress One of the most common ways people waste time, become stressed, and reduce their levels of productivity is through unnecessary entertainment. In a work environment, people use social media and play games on their phones or computers, among other things all the time. All these lead to misuse of time. According to Linden (2005), such misuse of time and opportunity shows that the people involved have either overworked themselves that they do not have time to relax, or they are generally lazy. Linden (2005) continues to say that the likelihood that such people are extremely lazy in the workplace is very minimal, thus the most reasonable argument is that they are overworked. From this argument, one can deduce that the time that is used on social media, the Internet, and playing games must be significant enough to be noticeable. This means that there is work that is being neglected. In this case, the person becomes stressed and might forget about the work due to the entertainment they are having. This causes stress later when they have limited time to deliver the work that they were supposed to do.Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More It is pertinent to point that different individuals have different ways of managing time and coping with stress. There are several ways that one can avoid stress and misuse of time. The first strategy is that companies should have specific times for entertainment for their employees. This can reduce the curiosity of employees about what is happening. It also makes the employees feel rejuvenated. Another way to manage misuse of time is to restrict access t o social media sites using the company’s Internet. The second suggestion is quite extreme. Nevertheless, all these ways can help the employees increase their productivity by learning the importance of doing things at the right time, thereby managing time and stress effectively. Procrastination is the second most significant reason why people waste time and become stressed. Procrastinating is arguably the most common factor that leads to time wastage and stressful environments. Procrastination is the forwarding of events that have to be done at a specific time to another time in the future. Morgenstern (2004) argues that when people procrastinate, they do so thinking that they will have plenty of time to do the task later. This is the main reason that is given by the people who believe that they are more productive when they are stressed. According to Morgenstern (2004), there is no such thing as being productive when under stress. He argues that people have to deliver because this is what makes them productive. The livelihoods of employees depend on being satisfied in the workplace. Therefore, people tend to work faster to finish the job when there is time constraint. This, however, does not make them produce high quality products and services. Morgenstern (2004) argues that if one can produce X products in an hour, then they can produce more than X products in two hours if they do not waste time. He suggests several strategies people can avoid procrastination. The first way to avoid procrastination is by doing what one likes. Morgenstern (2004) argues that if one likes the job that they are doing, then they will not have to suspend it for a later time. In the same breath, people should also understand the objectives of what they are doing. This can make it easier to finish the work quickly, while producing high quality products and services at the same time.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Time and Stress Management for Better Productivity specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More A personal example can also be cited in this case. I always promise to review my work a week before school term papers are submitted. However, I wait until the last day to review them. This has led to submission of papers that have a lot of grammatical errors and other minor mistakes in the past. Closely related to procrastination is disorderliness. Disorderliness is not just about being untidy and dirty in one’s living conditions, but it is also important in time and stress management because a person who has no form or sense of order will tend to do things in their time. If one was to compare disorderliness to the other two discussed reasons, then one would notice that many employees who are disorderly end up losing their jobs. According to Jha (2008), disorderly people are also immature, thus working with them can be a little difficult. Many companies and schools have trie d to help such people by having a time schedule. However, some of the people do not follow the time schedule. Such people do not only waste time, but they also reduce the level of productivity of the company or the school. One of the suggested ways of dealing with disorderliness is having a personal time schedule. This is a schedule that the individual in question makes to ensure that they keep deadlines. However, this only solves one part of the problem. Another way how disorderly people waste time is by doing unsatisfactory work. This means that someone else has to check their work to ensure that it is of high quality. This does not only waste time, but it also wastes other resources used to cross-check the work for quality purposes. Many scholars have argued that there is no way of dealing with a disorderly person without wasting more time. However, it has been proven that strict disciplinary action can turn a disorderly person into an orderly, time conscious, and a very producti ve person. Overworking oneself has also been cited as one of the ways that people end up wasting time. Rettig (2013) argues that many people believe that the more they work, the more productive they become. However, he claims that people need to work and relax equally to avoid overworking. Many large companies today tap into the productivity levels of their employees by making them work less hours. This has proven to not only rejuvenate the employees, but also make them appreciate their work.Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This has, in turn, led to maximum productivity. According to Rettig (2013), companies like Google have a lot of success, yet they have removed all traditional rules of a company. Their employees are not as restricted as those employees who work in traditionally run companies. Such companies have found a way of making the work that the employees do to be fun such that the employees are always interested in learning and doing more. This, in turn, increases productivity, even though the employees work fewer hours than usual. Scholars also argue that there are companies that may not have the luxury of making their jobs as creative and interesting as companies like Google. Rettig (2013) suggests that for such companies, they can find other ways of reducing the workload of their employees on a daily basis. They can do this by creating more free time in the time schedule. This can help the employees relax, thereby becoming more focused when they are working. It has also been proven that cr eating more free time for the employees can also ensure that they reduce the level of stress that accumulates due to strict deadlines. This, in turn, increases productivity. Other ways of reducing stress Apart from the suggested solutions, other solutions that could work on reducing the level of stress and managing time at the same time include delegating work, prioritizing, and planning. Delegating tasks is necessary in ensuring that no one person is overworked. This is most probably one of the reasons why many successful companies use teams to do projects. When people work in teams, they divide the task among themselves. This means that every person has a specific task to concentrate on and give high quality. It also saves time and reduces stress. Prioritizing and planning go hand in hand in the sense that the people involved in a project should plan and prioritize their tasks in a way that they deal with the most important tasks first. This increases productivity because the team does the most important tasks first. The team can then apply other strategies, for example taking a break after every finished task to reenergize (Lucchetti, 2010). This can help them focus on the next task. These are just some of the suggestions given to help with time and stress management to maximize productivity. Conclusion The issue of time and stress management is very important in determining and increasing productivity levels. It is evident that time wastage and stress affect the productivity levels of individuals and companies. The various ways that people misuse time are the same ways that cause stress. As discussed, some of the ways people end up wasting time include engaging in unnecessary entertainment, procrastination, and overworking. Some of the solutions that have been given to address these problems include proper delegation of work, creating time schedules, and having enough breaks between tasks. A lot more can still be done to ensure that people do not waste tim e. References Jha, P. K. (2008). Time management: the art of stress-free productivity. New Delhi, India: Global India Publications Linden, W. (2005). Stress management: from basic science to better practice. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Lucchetti, S. (2010). The principle of relevance. Hong Kong, Japan: RT Publishing. Morgenstern, J. (2004). Time management from the inside out: the foolproof system for taking control of your schedule—and your life (2nd Ed.). New York, NY: Owl Books. Rettig, H. (2013, May 5). If you have a tendency to over-give. Retrieved from www.hillaryrettig.com/what-to-do-if/what-to-do-if-you-have-a-tendency-to-overgive This research paper on Time and Stress Management for Better Productivity was written and submitted by user Jesse Delaney to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Hydroponics3 essays

Hydroponics3 essays Imagine being able to grow plants and/or crops everyday of the year in smaller spaces without the use of any soil. Hydroponics is a soiless agriculture that does just this. The idea for the use of plant growth without any soil was developed in the eighteen hundreds. Hydroponic gardening is an old idea yet new methods have been formed to give you three hydroponic gardening options. These three options are defined by uses of different mediums. Fifteen to twenty minutes of care per day can produce beautiful plants and enough food to feed one family a day. Hydroponic environments are indoors so weather changes do not effect them. All mediums use certain solutions which vary with different types of mediums. Hydroponic environments are easy to build and easy to take care of and the advantages are great. This form of agriculture is one of man's simple yet helpful ideas that can better the earth and it's people. Hydroponics is a soiless agriculture that was originally used for growing plants in the winter. Hydroponic agriculture is also known as soiless agriculture, nutriculture, or chemical culture. Hydroponic plants can be gardened in several different ways. Hydroponics uses different nutrient solutions to ensure better plant life. Plants need nutrients and moisture to survive and soil provides this. When hydroponic gardening is used these necessities increase and the plant lives a fuller and more beautiful life. As it was already mentioned, the advantages of hydroponic gardening are great. It was also already mentioned that hydroponic gardening reduces the amount of space used and can be grown all year long. But this is only the beginning of the advantages of hydroponic gardening. People who have hydroponic gardens don't have to put up with soil-borne pests and diseases and they don't have to pull any weeds. Food crops grow and mature at a much faster rate in non-soi...

Critically evaluate the effectiveness of crisis intervention in social Essay

Critically evaluate the effectiveness of crisis intervention in social work - Essay Example The social worker should aim at generating this partnership from the beginning, hoping to carry this relationship through until the situation is resolved. This can be done by allowing the service user to identify the issues they face and try to come up with alternate solutions to that of the crisis situation. Social workers are free to suggest an alternative route however they should be careful to try not to impose their thoughts on the service user as they must be free to use their own judgment and consider the best solution for their situation. Some theorists and social workers suggest that crisis intervention does not focus on anti-oppressive or anti discriminatory practice because the nature of the intervention work is to alleviate the presenting crisis situation and not the underlying problems that may precipitate the event. Although models of crisis intervention are intended to be brief, to the point, focusing on the surface issues, social workers can integrate anti oppressive and anti discriminatory practices by working with the service users and including any environmental issues or structural oppression to the action plan. The action taken can either be a recommendation to another agency or by putting into practice another theory to their upcoming work. The definitions of crisis pinpoint a crisis as being a hazardous event. Crisis is described as time-limited periods of psychological distress that people need to overcome, but cannot do so by using tried and tested methods of coping (Caplan, 1964, p.73). The approach of crisis intervention originates from the mental health work and stresses on the prevention and not disease treatment. The formulation of this concept was done by Erich Lindemann and Gerald Caplan from 1940’s and 1950’s, where they researched on how people responded to situations that are psychologically dangerous. It is imperative to take into account that crisis in this case does not mean an urgent situation or disaster,

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Ethnic group of elderly people Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

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Production Planning And Control System Commerce Essay

Production Planning And Control System Commerce Essay Businesses can be of different types. Some industries focus on providing the customers with different types of services. Some others concentrate on selling of products. Majority of ventures are in the business of manufacturing something or the other. To start with, you would need some basic raw materials to which you would add some value to make something else. Simply put, this is production. Therefore, we can say that production is a business process in which a raw material is converted into finished or semi-finished products, in the process adding value to the of utility of products. This production procedure is measured by calculating the difference between the value of what goes into the production and the value of what is produced in the end. The things which go into the making of things are called the inputs and what is produced in the end is called the outputs. Say for example, if you want to manufacture dresses you will need cloth, labor, and machines at the primary level. These are all inputs. The end product, that is the dress, is the output. What is meant by production? Production can be described as a process of manufacturing or producing goods for trading purpose. It is a method that uses the intangible inputs like creativity, ideas, knowledge, research and perception in action. With the help of these intangible inputs, the tangible inputs like the raw materials are converted into finished products and made ready to be sold in the market. Production Function In mathematics, a function determines the relation between a set of inputs and the set of outputs. Similarly production function is that kind of a function through which assumed specification is made by the industry or a firm about the output in relation to all the input which went into the project. Production function serves to cater to the customer needs and demands in a cost effective way. Therefore planning and carrying out the production function in an efficient way is of prime importance to obtain this objective. Production Management Managing anything has to include proper planning at the initial level. The same thing is applicable in case of production management. You start with planning about how the production procedure will take place. Then you organize it according to your needs or requirements only after which you can execute the plan, direct and control the production activities. Hence, we can say that production management is the managing process which deals with the conversion of raw materials to the finished products that too in an economical way. Production management is guided by 6 Ms- a) money, b) men, c) materials, d) machines, e) methods and f) markets. If the same concept is applied to the management of services then the subsequent management activities are termed as operation management. Definitions of Production Management Here are some common and widely accepted definitions of production management: Production management deals with decision-making related to production processes so that the resulting goods or service is produced according to specification, in amount and by the schedule demand and at minimum cost. Elwood Spencer Buffa Production management,  also called  operations management, deals with planning and control of industrial processes to ensure that they move smoothly at the required levelà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦.In manufacturing operations, production management includes responsibility for product and process design, planning and control issues involving capacity and quality, and organization and supervision of the workforce. -Encyclopà ¦dia Britannica Hence, we can easily say that, production management is the conversion of production inputs into outputs which when distributed in the market will cater to meet the demands of consumers. History of Production and Operation Management Industrial Revolution For over two and half centuries, production and operation management has been regarded as one of the important factors responsible for the economic growth and development of any country. With the outbreak of the industrial revolution in England in the mid 1700s a havoc change was observed in the industrial sectors. The changes began to be observed when the stream engine was invented by James Watt in 1764. It largely replaced the man power in the factories. In the year 1776 Adam Smith published his revolutionary book, The Wealth of Nations, where he talked about the specialization of labors in manufacturing and the economic benefits it avails to an industry. Therefore, the factories of the late 18th century experienced not only the use of the power by the newly invented machines but also new means of planning and controlling a factory production. About the same time the concept of division of labors came into being. Rapidly the industrial revolution spread from England to the other parts of Europe and also to America. Further development was observed as an American named Eli Whitney came up with the concepts of interchangeable parts and cost accounting. Early 1800s saw the advent of electricity and gasoline engines which enhanced the industrial revolution to a great extent. During the post civil war period an increased rate of production capacity was recorded which on the other hand led to growth of the capital. A massive production explosion followed in the newly developed U.S. market. Scientific Management- The concepts of scientific management, work study and time study was introduced by Frederick Taylor. He talked of the shop system as well which brought the skill, strength and learning ability of the workers into question. The shop system was the first to initiate the idea of the incentive pay. Specification of materials, methods of work and routing systems were used to organize the shop. It was the Ford Motor Company who embodied the major facets like interchangeable parts, low manufacturing cost, mass production, and standardized designs of the product of scientific management in 1920s. The scientific management was popularized by Henry Ford, who used it in his firms. These approaches helped him in maximizing the production at the plant. Operational Research System- During the Second World War enormous resources were installed. Military operational research squads were formed to deal with the complications of the deployment. P.M. Blacker is regarded as one of the main contributors in the field of operational research application in the Second World War. The operational system brought to the fore front the positive aspects of the system which helped the operational manager to control the complexities of production. Service Revolution- The publication of the Hawthorne studies in the 1930s revealed that human factors are influencing the production process to a great extent. The study report said that the ambiences, sociological and psychological conditions of the worker are affecting the production. It was the behavioralists who talked about these factors which made the industrialists change the way of treating the factory workers. The idea of the labors responding positively to the attention thus paid to them came to be acknowledged as the Hawthorne effect. The change in the thought process and the introduction of this new philosophy had a tremendous impact on the production planning and control system of the factories. Studies showed that the due to the increased use of machineries work became monotonous to the workers which affected the rate of production. In order to resolve this problem the workers were conferred a greater role in the planning procedure of the whole production so that they c an find interest in their work. Computer Revolution- It was the 1930s which witnessed the advent of the computer age. There was an explosive growth in the communication technology. Gathering information became very easy as everyone had an effortless access to it. Advancement in the software technology made the people aware about the usage of e-mails. More and more plants took initiation in starting E- Business. A special computerized system known as the Material Requirement Planning was developed which proved to be very useful in managing the business. Where we stand now? Today the whole production or operational management wholly stands on the demands and needs of the customers and providing them with quality products. This is because the competition level in the market is very high and in order to build and maintain the image and reputation of a company, customer satisfaction is the absolutely necessary. Other factors which are influencing the operational management these days are the advancement of the technologies, competition in the world wide market, cost challenges etc. Why Production and Operation Management is required? Any firm or industry needs production management. To achieve all its objectives- Every firm or industry possesses certain objectives behind the projects they undertake. Production management enables the firm to fulfill all its objectives in time and at the same time fulfill the demands of the customer. To gain reputation as well as to build up a good image in the market- One of the main objectives of production management is to satisfy the consumers. Production management helps in achieving this goal. Aids other functional fields- Production management aids the functional field of the industry or firm. Other functional sphere includes finance, personnel and marketing. It will be easier for the marketing department to sell good quality goods which in turn helps the financial department to gain more finances due to the increase of the sale of the products. This will also enable the company to acquire loans for expanding the firm. Proper management of the production will also help the personnel sector to handle the human resources properly and increase the efficiency of the resource. Aids in promoting new products- Production management controls the research and development section of the firm. It enables to study the market and needs of the customer depending on which they can introduce newly manufactured goods in the market. Helps in coping up with the competition level in the market- Same products may be produced by other companies as well. Production management helps the firm to cope up with the competition level in the market by keeping the quality, price, quantity of the products as per needs of the consumers. Produce the goods in a cost effective way- Cost of production can be checked and reduced to a great extent through proper management of production. It tries to minimize the input keeping the output to the optimum level. Maximize the use of resources- Production management assists in maximization of the use of resources like machines, human resources etc. Helps the firm to grow- Production management helps the company to expand itself which in turn enables the firm to yield greater profit. Production management is important to the consumers because- Improves the standard of living of the people The research work that the production department carries out reveals the demands and needs of the consumers which the industries cater to fulfill. This increases as well as improves the standard of lining of the people as they get to use good and new products. Enhances the economy- Production management helps to produce goods in a cost effective way. This leads to the proper economic growth of the country. Decreases the problem of unemployment- Unemployment is a major problem of our country. The activities of the production department of any firm open up many job prospects for the people. Quality of the products increases- As mentioned earlier production management controls the research and development sector of a firm. These researches help to provide the customers with the better quality of the product. Provides the customers with low cost products- Production management facilitate the customers with low cost products so that the majority of the population can avail that product for use. What is a system? System as we understand comprises of various sects which works together as a unit. All the processes are interdependent and function as a whole. The system operates with a distinct intention to fulfill the predetermined objectives. Massive systems are often a compilation of various sub-systems. Production System In a broader sense production system is the framework which supports all kinds of production activities that may take place within an organization. The process of manufacturing involves the conversion of inputs into outputs. A suitable designing of production system makes sure the coordination of the different procedures which undergoes in the production. There is no hard and fast rule that only a single pattern of production system is to be followed universally and have to be applied to all kinds of productions. It differs from one project to another. Definition The methods which include all functions required to collect the inputs, process or reprocess the inputs and produce the saleable outputs. Ray Wild defines production or operation system as a configuration of resources combined for the provision of goods and services. Production system has three main components namely- inputs, conversion process and outputs. Inputs comprise of machines, man-power, capital, raw materials, drawings, paper works. Conversion process includes all kinds of processes and procedures which can be mechanical or manual or chemical. These operations are responsible for converting all the inputs into the desired outputs. This stage of production system also has some supporting operations like obtaining of raw materials, storing, production planning, product designing etc. Outputs comprise of the end products which the firm will provide it to the customers like services, finished goods etc. Production management.png A Systematic Diagram of Production System Types of Production System In general there are two types of production system. They are- Continuous Production- It is a process which is used to produce products without any hindrance in a continuous way. This type of production system is void of any interruption. Continuous production is often referred to as continuous flow process or continuous process. It is so named because the raw materials which go into making of the product are continuously moving and at the same time are exposed to chemicals or heat or cold as required in the making of the product. By continuous we mean running twenty four hours a day, seven days a week, with rare shutdown of the working force which can be quarterly, semi-annually or annually. Goods are manufactured on a massive scale in a continuous production. They are not produced depending on the customers orders. This system of production requires huge investment in machineries. This type of production system is found in oil refineries, power stations etc. Characteristics of Continuous Production Production is continuous. Large scale production of goods takes place. Does not depend on the customers orders. Standardized products are produced. Quality of the goods is predetermined. Types of Continuous Production System Mass production flows-Here same kind of product is manufactured to fulfill the demand of the market. This system needs good planning for material, process, maintenance of machines and instruction to operators. Process production flows- The distinction between mass and process production is the kind of product a firm produces. Mass production manufactures the same products and is produced in a large scale. If the demand ceases, the machineries are used for manufacturing products of similar nature after slight modification. In process production, the plant and equipment is designed for a specific product. Hence if the demand falls for the product or ceases, the firm cannot be used for manufacturing other products. Intermittent Production System Unlike continuous production system intermittent production system as the name suggests is such a system where goods are produced on the basis on customers orders. Usually the goods are produced in a small scale. The production flow is not constant. Various types of products of various sizes are produced in this type of system. The system is very plastic. Ex- Production found in automobile plants, electric goods plants. Characteristics of Intermittent Production System Production is not continuous. Halts are made frequently. Various kinds of goods are produced. Machines used for general purpose is used. Production depends on the order of the clients. The level of production is usually small. Types of intermittent production system Project Production Flows- Here a firm accepts a single complex contract or order. The project has a deadline within which the contract has to be finished that too within an approximate calculated cost. Project production flows include projects like building a high rise, constructing a dam or an airport. Resource requirements are high at the beginning of the project but ultimately ceases as the project nears its end. Job Production Flows- Items are manufactured only on the basis of specifications made by the customers. The cost is determined at the time of signing the project. Highly skilled labors are required in job production flows. Ex- Services the tailoring shops, repairing stores provide. Batch Production Flows- The production schedule is decided before commencing on the project. It depends on the estimate of consumers demands or upon the specific customers orders. The manufacturing process of the product is divided into a number of batches sequentially. Each batch is to be completed first to start with the next. A detailed production planning is required in batch production flows. Ex. Manufacturing of drugs. Factors Influencing Production Process Supplies The production or manufacturing process largely depends on the supplies of raw materials. If the supply of materials is hampered due to problems like transportation or bad weather, the fixed target cannot be achieved within the promised time. On the contrary if there is a smooth supply of materials then the flow of production will be normal and the production schedule can be easily followed. Power Supply- For running any plant, supply of incessant power is required. Even if the power supply is gets disrupted temporarily can have a great impact on the production process. Machineries and Equipments- A sudden shut down of any of the machineries of the equipments used in the production of product can lead to minimization of the production rate. Continual operations of the equipments are necessary in order to improve the efficiency of the machines. Man Power- The labors directly associated with the manufacturing process can influence the production in many ways. For example, sick leaves and vacations taken by key workers have a negative impact on manufacturing. Capacity of the plant is also influences the production procedure of a firm. The larger the firm, the larger will be the production, all the other factors remaining constant. Flexibility- The production process should be elastic in order to adapt to the changes that take place during the production process. Product Design Designing a product by a firm includes a strategic procedure of planning to create a new product to be sold to the customers. The product design is one of the most crucial and sensitive aspect for an organization. Success or failure of the sale of the product depends on a number of factors which ultimately decides the reputation and image of the company in the market. So during the designing period of the product there are a number of things which need to be paid heeded to. Everything is analyzed while designing a product right from what the general public likes to the cost and the process which undergoes in making the product. Production Planning and Control (PPC) The main aim of any manufacturing plant is to produce the products. Therefore the production is the core of the entire business operations. It is the driving force to which all the other functions of the plant depend. Once the industrialist has taken the decision about the product design, the next step he takes is planning the production and chalk out the controlling process. This is very much important for the economical aspect of the project. PPC is absolutely necessary for the small scale industries. A question may arise that why controlling of the manufacturing process is required. Well production planning without production control is like a school without the Headmaster. Planed decisions when put to action can go wrong, but checking the damage due to the mishap is production control. Objectives of Production Planning and Control a) To determine the ability of all producing sectors b) To plan the manufacturing activities in a systematic order depending on the sales demand of the market c) To endorse the fullest utilization of the firm d) To train labors for effective performance e) To ensure means of finding out the manufacturing needs and requirements so that the materials needed for the production can be attained at right time in the right quality as well as quantity f) To maintain coordination between the various sectors of the production process. Stages of Production Planning and Control The following tree will show you what the stages of PPC are PPC.png Production Planning and Control Process Production Planning It is a practice of foreseeing the stages of production process before commencing on a distinct project and also to judge the efficiency level of all those stages through which the maximum profit of the industry can be brought about at the scheduled time. It enables the entrepreneur to estimate the quantity of raw materials, money and labors to be needed for the production. Routing It helps in determining the course and progression of the production activities of a plant. The machines which will be required for the operations and the executives to be engaged for the work are determined in the routing stage. The main intention of routing is arrange the production procedure in a cost effective manner. It also makes sure that the decided sequential arrangement is followed firmly. The discussion about the quality and estimation of the cost of the product to be produced is also done in the routing stage. Scheduling Scheduling means determining the approximate time to be taken by each production activity and also all the operations taken together. It highly differs from one job to the other. Time is the main factor which is worked upon at this stage of production planning. Loading Here the schedule planned in the previous step is put into practice. Loading therefore decides who will be given the responsibility to do the work at hand. It helps in judging the existing work load and also to predict how early the remaining work can be finished. Production Control As mentioned earlier every production process must be controlled to keep the process running smoothly and fulfill the production of the products within the specified time. The production control department can perform effectively only when the financial manager, personnel manager, work manager and purchase manager works together in case of small scale industry. Dispatching To start a production process an authorization is required which is done in this stage. From the movement of materials to the different work stations, keeping a track of the cost occurred in each operation of the production, inspection of the activities are all looked after in the dispatching stage of the production control. This step is very significant because it converts the production plan into action. Follow Up Follow up, also regarded as reporting, is that stage of production control where the follies of the production plan or in the schedule structure of the operations are recorded. The main objective behind the follow up stage is to make sure all the decided plans and programs are been followed. It finds out whether there is any deviation from the production plan or not. And if there is any, immediate action is taken to resolve the fault and finish the production within the scheduled time. Inspection This stage is concerned about checking the quality of the finished goods because it is the most vital factor as the image, the name and the reputation of the company in the market depends on it Corrective Measures Corrective measures involve all those activities which are done to rectify the faults which may have occurred in the routing, scheduling, loading scheduling or in any of the stages of the production planning or control system. Decisions regarding the inclusion of more labors, transfer of personnel to other work stations, training of the employees are also taken in the corrective stage. Conclusion From the above discussion one thing can be easily understood that without efficient planning and control no business company can fulfill its objective of earning a profit. Production planning and control becomes very much crucial for the small scale industries because they frequently face the challenge of producing goods at a very low cost. Production planning not only aids the companies to determine the convenient production procedure they need to follow but also reveals the risk factors which they are likely to face during the manufacturing process.

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Statement of Purpose I have always found the simplistic pleasure of solving a challenging problem to be most satisfying. The journey of discovering solutions brings its own joys and learning. I aim to pursue a career in research, because it brings with it intellectual challenges and opportunities to innovate. I am, therefore, highly motivated to pursue graduate studies in Computer Science. During my time at IIT Kanpur, where the curriculum offers flexibility in terms of elective courses, I have striven to explore diverse fields through courses and projects. This has led me to explore the areas of Databases, Machine Learning, Data Mining, Game Theory, Speech Recognition, Algorithms and Computer Engineering apart from the stipulated compulsory disciplines that Electrical Engineering has to offer. My first experience of research was in the form of a summer project under Prof. Arnab Bhattacharya at IIT Kanpur in which we worked on finding caching techniques for skylines on probabilistic datasets. A very rewarding experience resulted in us continuing our work in a research course and acted as one of the first stimulants for me to pursue research. During my second year, I was fortunate to have been selected for a 15-day Winter School organized by the Carnegie Mellon University at MS Ramaiah Institute of Technology, Bangalore. It was here that I was introduced to the area of Computer Science that has captured my interest the most – Machine Learning. To be involved in research with some of the premier faculty and researchers was an immensely enriching experience. Prof. Bhiksha Raj (Carnegie Mellon University) and Prof. M. Chikerur (MSRIT) mentored us in developing a feedback and review system for test-based learning. Here, we attempted ... ...arch career. An active research group with experienced advisors and motivated colleagues would help me in gaining maximum from my graduate studies. Searching for such an environment with strong research culture has led me to apply for a PhD at University of California, Los Angeles. My extra-curricular experience has enhanced my written, oral and interpersonal communication skills, while providing opportunities for leadership and self-motivation. I believe that my academic preparation and experience of working in various projects makes me an accomplished and motivated candidate who can contribute to the field of Computer Science. Through my experience of tutoring students (while being a part of Counselling Service, IIT Kanpur) and the enthusiasm to overcome challenges, I hope to add value to my research group. Looking forward to be a part of research group at UCLA.

Reaction The Film And Your Name Is Jonah Essay

I watched the film; And Your Name is Jonah. My initial reaction to this movie in the beginning was frustration. This boy was clearly not meant to be in a mental hospital for the mentally challenged. He had the full capabilities of a normal child and it was not so hard to see. I don’t understand how a child of his capabilities could be misdiagnosed as having mental problems when clearly the only specific he had was not hearing. It makes me so frustrated because a child who obviously had so much to say was trapped in his body without any way of expressing himself. As the movie continues, his parents find out that he is deaf. His misdiagnosis had him in a mental institution which makes me question if this foreshadows or depicts how deaf people were treated before they are diagnosed. As if they were treated as if they were â€Å"impaired†. It feels like a violation and offensive to anyone that is deaf. I also felt controversial about the views of deaf people from ignorant hearing people and how ASL was frowned upon. ASL is a form of communication. How else would deaf people communicate when the English language is taught to us from birth? Individuals who were born deaf cannot learn the English language like a hearing person. If sign language is so frowned upon how else would a born deaf person understand what is going on in the world. Jonah’s parents farther along in the movie decided to get him hearing aids, but that only made the noise louder and it wasn’t clear to what was being said still. The doctors even recommended li p reading because sign language was frowned upon. Even speech therapy failed. With all these signs of defeat, I felt very frustrated with Jonah’s parents. Sign Language is the obvious answer. If your child cannot communicate with you and clearly sign language is the best option then learn and teach your child. It was the obvious choice that would help better communicate a parent with their child. If ASL was taught sooner to Jonah there wouldn’t have been situations in the movie where communication was essential. For example, when Jonah was being yelled at from a car to get out of the road. He could hear led to him falling off his bike. Another example is when Jonah couldn’t understand that Spiderman was a â€Å"good guy†. He ended up putting his brother’s Spiderman in the oven to get  rid of him. Miscommunication between Jonah and his brother resulted in this. Another example is when Jonah’s grandfather gets a heart attack and died. Jonah didn’t understand and searched for him after the funeral because no one could explain to him what was going on. Finally, when Jonah got lost and was taken to a hospital by a police officer–the doctors and nurses thought he was dangerous and crazy. Another example of miscommunication.

The Roanoke, Jamestown, and Plymouth Colonies essays

The Roanoke, Jamestown, and Plymouth Colonies essays In the 16th century France, Spain, Portugal, and other European countries sent out explorers to establish settlements and explore for goods to take back for their country. England starting to see their enemies grow stronger with goods such as gold ore, lumber, and slaves. To start bringing more wealth and power to England, Queen Elizabeth I started to send out expeditions to form settlement in the Americas. The first venture was the Roanoke colony later referred to as "The Lost Colony." Unfortunately, the Roanoke colony was unsuccessful, but the next two colonies (Jamestown and Plymouth) were successful although each had their problems that the colonist had to overcome. In 1576, Sir Humphrey Gilbert promoted his idea of a short passageway to China and to set up a colony in Newfoundland. The Queen of England, Queen Elizabeth I, agreed with his idea. She gave Sir Gilbert exclusive rights to proceed with his plan. After his death Walter Raleigh, his half-brother, was also giving a patent for the same idea. The colony of Roanoke was supposed to be a colony where the English could attack the Spanish shipping, hunt for good, and convert the Indians to Protestant Christianity. All attempts failed. The relations with the Indians were hostile. The supplies were running low and the backup support never arrived. There was a low morale in the troops so when Francis Drake arrived in 1586 he took the soldiers back to England. John White led a third English venture to the Roanoke islands in 1587. Again the colony struggled with the food and supply as well as with the Indians. The settlers agreed to send White back to England for some supplies and to leave a mess age for him if they moved. Whites trip back to Roanoke was delayed by the warfare between Spain and England. When he returned to Roanoke in 1590 he found the site deserted. He found a word carved on a post that said Croatoan, a nearby Indian tribe. No one knows what really happened the s...

passing of the buff essays

passing of the buff essays In the New World, Europeans looked for ways so bring wealth. The source of wealth came from many different trades, the fishing aspect, oil, gold, slavery, and most of all land. Coming with the land wild animals that could be hunted, for sport, food, and most important fur. The fur that came from these animals was largely used in the world for clothing, leather for protection in the army, and to make the finest clothes from. The discovery of the buffalo help the fur trade really take off in the 1400. The first Europeans thought to discover the buffalo were the Portuguese in Africa in 1415. The buffalo hides were carried home and sold at premium prices all over Europe. The move westward to North America by the Portuguese found another kind of buffalo. The beast was an annormous creature weighing over a ton and measuring 12 feet in length. The buffalo roamed most of the continent of North America at this time. At about the year 1500, the buffalo were believed to have numbered more than 70 million individuals and were perhaps the most numerous, large mammalian species on the planet. This brought about the great fur trade in the new world, the English, Spanish, and French sought the fur of the buffalo and were in heavy competition for the animal. With the early colonization of the eastern sea board of America nearly wiped out the eastern buffalo. By 1720, the eastern buffalo consisted of a few small herds that had been by-passed and over looked in the mountainous areas. In 1790, according to a New York Zoological Society report, those hidden in the mountainous region had been reduced to 1 herd numbering 3 to 400 animals. In 1815, a bull was killed near Charleston, West Virginia. In 1825, a cow and her calf were killed in the Alleghenies. This was the last of not only the eastern buffalo but also the buffalo east of the Mississippi River. By ...

Feasability assignment to establish a bakery deli in downtown

Feasability to establish a bakery deli in downtown Connellsville pa 15425 - Assignment Example But like a hit song that made its way to the top of the music billboard during the first weeks and months of release, foods and services have its own duration of a peak popularity and savoring public acceptance. This is one natural weakness in the trade that we seek to improve and consequently be on top. That is where we will venture out to be creative and consistently popular. In this feasibility study and research, we propose to meet the needs and challenges of Connelsville residents, who are as discriminating as the uniqueness and individuality of choices and lifestyle in this area of some 9,500 permanent residents and transient visitors and plain travelers from one city to another numbering by the hundreds every month. 2 Executive Summary. A number of reports, findings, sample survey questionnaires and other important considerations follow in the next pages of this presentation. Except for food, excitement and product acceptance has its own peak and climax. Foods and drinks stay forever so long as life itself permits. The more challenging task is how to keep customers eating and satisfied and remain on top. In such very competitive and diverse entrepreneurship as foods and beverages,, uniqueness in both taste and looks, cleanliness and customer-friendly services are the major considerations. They form part of every marketing strategies to start a food business and its eventual expansion. One of the main ideas of establishing this business or any similar endeavor for that matter, is by starting small and growing big. In that respect, quality control takes a primary role in the shelf and baking areas. We will create and introduce new-to-your-senses menus of panera bread style similar but more innovative than those casual-setting, low-priced, quick-service chains nationwide. In order to be different, we must take advantage of the potentials normally present in starting a business such as introducing a new tradition in creative, tasteful and healthy bread makin g Connellsville style. Ambitious as it may seem, but creative bread making is tantamount to a daily changing menu. We can follow through by remaining true and humble to our vision of customer satisfaction and value for money food provisions and services. 3 Introduction. Establishing the business in a strategic area in Connellsville takes so much preparations and planning to ensure a high rate of success. This includes choosing the right location and hiring of the best and creative people. This portion of the report will take a lot of problem solving by anticipating them and facing them ahead of time even before it can present itself as a problem. One of the most effective ways to solve a problem is to anticipate and discern them. In such important areas as human resources, snags can be prevented from setting in with periodic programs of business-family bonding, camaraderie, dialogue and constant communications. As much as time and finances permit, a reward and systems of recognition , no matter how simple and inexpensive can do a lot of magic to the morale and efficiency in day-to-day operations. What you give to them always have a good habit of returning back double in terms of loyalty, efficient and more productive services. Food business is issue-sensitive business. Some of the problems that we may find hard to overcome are negative comments from customers, real or

Holocaust Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 4

Holocaust - Essay Example The functionality of a family relies on the efforts and contribution of all persons who constitute a given family unit. Clara’s family is no exception in terms of its setting and functionality. The interdependence between members of Clara’s family and other families in the Zolkiew community shows the extent to which families can go in order to remain together and united as one. Family ties were critical to account for during the Nazis occupation in Zolkiew, Poland. Family completeness is influenced by the manner in which family members relate. Clara and her family have close relationship that is characterized by love and care for one another. This factor enhanced the family’s unity during happy and sad times. Given the fact that the Nazis were against the Jews, Clara’s family was a close and direct target. Just like any other Jewish family at the time, Clara’s family was under significant threat. Amid this, the family ties between Clara, her mother, and her father remained close for the purpose of uniting the family. The presence of the Nazis in Zolkiew, Poland jeopardizes the family setting as a safe haven for the Jewish community. Family setups are broken while others are subjected to extreme livelihoods that they were not previously used to. In this respect, there is the aspect of ruined family ties in Clara’s memoir. In fact, she interacted with persons who were direct victims of such experiences. On the same note, the presence of the Nazis in their community could not offer anything short of these experiences. An aspect of help, assistance, and support is depicted by the manner in which Clara’s family relates with the Beck’s. In regard to this experience, it is evident that family ties do not only involve family members, but also friends and families within and without. Insights into the family context are based on strong ties that are established through good relations and

Reflection Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 8

Reflection - Essay Example Additionally, the PowerPoint also help to present the understanding that racial profiling is basically an ineffective means of accomplishing whatever task the individual sets out to do. In short, racial profiling only helps due to the fact that it creates a situation in which expectation for a given activity or behavior is created within the mind of the profiler. Another powerful complement of understanding this was the fact that racial profiling oftentimes helps to make stereotypes more powerful. By treating an entire group of people within a certain way, it becomes more likely that these individuals would begin to identify with the way they are treated and exhibit more and more signs of adherence to these stereotypes. Ultimately, within everyday life and within an increasingly globalized world, the extent and level to which racial profiling can be used for any positive benefit is all but nonexistent. Similarly, although there was a great deal of information presented with regards t o diversity and different communication styles that men and women often times engage, the most important aspect of this particular piece of research was due to the fact that it is necessary for the reader/participant to always be mindful of the fact that different people communicate via different styles. Although such an understanding is somewhat dangerous due to the fact that it can create an expectation that men and women are inherently different and behave/communicate via entirely different standards, this is not always the case. Rather, it is important for the stakeholder to realize that women and men are able to express themselves in different ways and two different extents. This mere ability does not mean that they will always do so. From a leadership perspective, it is important to understand this due to the fact that the reader will both be leading man and women regardless of the organization or business entity to which they are responsible. In this way, within one’s personal life, it is necessary to always seek to interact with others so that a type of baseline of communication is represented within the conversation. Although this may seem somewhat obvious, it is oftentimes neglected and can ultimately result in a breakdown of communications and/or a misunderstanding of key information with regards to stakeholders within either of the genders. Lastly, with respect to the PowerPoint presentation concerning extroverts and introverts, the most powerful understanding that this student gained from this presentation was with regards to the fact that neither being an introvert nor an extrovert is necessarily better than the other. All too often within our culture, we are taught that an extrovert will succeed whereas an introvert will ultimately fail within the business environment. However, as the PowerPoint noted, a diversity of these individuals required within disbarment as a means of ensuring that specific strengths within the organization can be spoken to leverage. Whereas the extroverted personality is more likely to engage with others and be outgoing/bold, the introvert is more likely to be a problem solver work quietly within their own respective field. Most importantly, from the information that was provided within the particular PowerPoint presentation, it was noted that both introverts and extroverts have the potential to make exceptional leaders. Whereas leadership has almost always been understood as something that was needful of an extroverted person,